税务常识第34期 –小型企业资产收益税豁免与‘相关企业’

一般来说,小型企业只要满足以下条件,资产收益税(CGT)将可以得到减免:

1. 企业与‘相关企业’的年总收入低于2百万;或企业与‘相关企业’的总资产净值不能超过6百万;
2. 产生资产收益税的资产是生意资产。比如企业或者‘相关企业’使用的仓库。

我们可以看到上面的条件中每一条都有提到‘相关企业’,那么何为‘相关企业’呢?

1. 企业与‘相关企业’中有一方对另一方有控制权。
2. 企业与‘相关企业’都同时被第三方企业所控制。

‘控制权’指的是一方实际控股(beneficially own)另一方。谈到家庭信托时,很多人都会以为受信托人或是受益人对信托有控制权,其实不然,请看以下例子:

ABC 信托的信托人是XYZ公司,一家小型企业。 而信托公司的董事和股东是K女士。K女士同时控制另外一家大型私人企业Jigsaw。因此,如果K女士对ABC 信托有所谓的‘控制权’的话,那么尽管ABC信托本身满足小型企业的要求,但Jigsaw属于其‘相关企业’,所以不可以获得资产收益税豁免。

但是,法庭发现,ABC信托的任命人(appointer)C先生有权去除XYZ公司作为ABC 信托受托人的职务。并且,C先生必须听从信托受益人之一的G先生的意愿。因此,法庭最终裁定G先生才是控制ABC信托人,K女士只是所谓的‘傀儡董事’,所以ABC信托与jigsaw并不属于‘相关企业’,信托可以获得小型企业资产收益税豁免。

尽管小型企业资产收益税豁免条款看起来对纳税人十分慷慨,在实际运用中可能会很棘手。不合理的运用将给纳税人带来灾难性后果。如您有实际需要,请来电咨询。

(以上只代表本人个人观点并不适用每个人, 有关建议不能作为您行动的依据)

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