税务常识第24期 – 地产开发相关税务

我们曾经在上篇文章介绍过如何鉴别地产开发是投资性质还是生意性质。如果属于生意性质,那么税务局将会收取收入税和交易税(“GST”)。这一期我们将会介绍在地产开发收入纳税当中有哪些问题是需要注意的。

存货

生意性质的地产开发中,确立土地是营业存货是非常重要的。这是因为购买土地所花的费用可以抵扣营业所得的收入。

确立土地是否为营业存货有三点需要满足:1) 纳税人对土地有处置权。2)购买土地的目的是为了转售。3)涉及土地交易的商业活动已经开始。

另外,如果年终土地的价值高于年度初始价值,那么其中的差价将会是可纳税收入。而相反的,如果年度初始价值高于年终土地的价值,那么其中的差价将会是可抵扣费用。

还需要注意的是,如果对土地进行分割,那么只有在获得各自的产权证书时,每一块分割出来的土地才会变成营业存货,否则将会继续把分割的土地看为一个整体。

如果土地的购买、分割、开发和出售是一次性的,并且相关的商业活动已发生,土地还是会被看做是存货。土地的购买不需要重复性。

另外当地产开发商获得授权可以分割土地的时候,他可能还需要承担一系列的基础设施工作(例如安装排水系统、提供水源和电力设施),并且还需要地方政府对某些基础设施土地进行产权转让。所有的这些费用都需要根据分割的土地进行分配并且包括在营业存货的成本中。

阶段性地产开发

当土地是分阶段地进行开发时,开发所产生的费用可能会在开发计划的早期阶段发生。

税务局认为这些费用应该在整个计划中进行分配。但是这样会延后费用的入账并且使纳税人提早产生纳税义务。

贷款的利息

当土地为营业存货时,购买土地后所产生的贷款利息、地方委员会费用和土地税将不会构成营业存货的成本。在营业性质的地产开发中,这些费用属于营业中为了获取收入而必须产生的费用,因此是可以抵扣的。

下期将介绍增值税相关知识。

(以上只代表本人个人观点并不适用每个人, 有关建议不能作为您行动的依据)

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